Antimicrobial resistance in foodborne <i>Salmonella enterica</i> isolates in the Republic of Belarus

Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern. Salmonella spp., which can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food, are among the most important foodborne pathogens worldwide.
 Materials and methods. The antimicrobial of 358 bacterial isolates collected from food water in Republic Belarus (Belarus) 20182021 was studied by analyzing phenotypic genotypic characteristics antibiotic resistance. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry used classify identify bacteria. Phenotypic susceptibility bacteria measured minimum inhibitory concentration method using Sensititre automated bacteriological analyzer disk diffusion test for 45 agents. genes multidrug-resistant were identified whole-genome sequencing.
 Results. vitro testing showed high fluoroquinolones (97.2%), third-generation cephalosporins (93.9%), carbapenems (98.0%), ampicillin (81.8%), aminoglycosides (97.5%), tetracyclines (87.5%), chloramphenicol (93.8%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) (95.3%) colistin (85.2%). It found that mechanism S. enterica associated with presence blaTEM-1B (82%), blaTEM-1C (7.7%), blaSHV-12 (2.6%), blaDHA-1 blaCMY-2 qnrB2 (9.1%), qnrB4 qnrB5 qnrB19 (72.7%), aac(6)-Ib-cr aac(6)-Iaa (100%), aadA1 (13.2%), aadA2 (8.8%), tetB (74.3%), tetA (25.7%), tetM (2.9%), tetD (28.6%), mcr-9 (1.5%).
 Conclusion. All phenotypically susceptible first-line antibiotics treatment salmonellosis: cephalosporins. sequencing (19.0%) detected 9 groups antibiotics: beta-lactams (57.4%), (16.2%), (51.5%), macrolides (1.5%), phenicols (30.4%), trimethoprim (13.0%), sulfonamides (47.8%) (1.4%). Thus, epidemiological surveillance spread chain critical importance monitoring Salmonella.